{"id":912,"date":"2024-03-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-01T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fibacloud.com\/tr\/kaynaklar\/?p=912"},"modified":"2026-10-06T02:41:35","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T23:41:35","slug":"udp-ve-tcp-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fibacloud.com\/tr\/kaynaklar\/networking\/udp-ve-tcp-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"UDP ve TCP Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

TCP ve UDP, IP a\u011flar\u0131nda uygulamalar\u0131n veri ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan iki temel aktar\u0131m protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. TCP s\u0131ral\u0131 bir bayt ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve yeniden iletim gibi mekanizmalar sunar. UDP ise datagramlar\u0131 daha s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir ta\u015f\u0131ma hizmetiyle iletir. Do\u011fru se\u00e7im, uygulaman\u0131n kay\u0131p, gecikme, s\u0131ralama ve ba\u011flant\u0131 y\u00f6netimi gereksinimine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"TCP
TCP ak\u0131\u015f sa\u011flar; UDP datagram sa\u011flar. Uygulaman\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc ikisinin de \u00fczerindedir.
G\u00f6rseli b\u00fcy\u00fct \u2192<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

TCP ne sa\u011flar?<\/h2>\n

TCP, ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n iki ucu aras\u0131nda s\u0131ral\u0131 bir bayt ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 sunar. S\u0131ra numaralar\u0131, al\u0131nd\u0131 bilgisi ve yeniden iletim gibi mekanizmalarla kay\u0131p veriyi ele al\u0131r. Ak\u0131\u015f ve t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k kontrol\u00fc, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ve a\u011f\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00f6nderimi d\u00fczenlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Bu \u00f6zellikler uygulaman\u0131n baz\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kendisinin yazma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte TCP \u201cveri mutlaka kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa ula\u015f\u0131r\u201d \u015feklinde s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir garanti vermez. Ba\u011flant\u0131 zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frayabilir veya kopabilir. Uygulama, i\u015flemin tamamlan\u0131p tamamlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kendi protokol\u00fc ve hata y\u00f6netimiyle de\u011ferlendirmelidir. Bir sipari\u015f iste\u011finin a\u011fa yaz\u0131lmas\u0131, sipari\u015fin i\u015f sisteminde kabul edildi\u011fini tek ba\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6stermez.<\/p>\n

TCP mesaj s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 korumaz<\/h2>\n

G\u00f6nderenin iki ayr\u0131 yazma i\u015flemi, al\u0131c\u0131da ayn\u0131 iki okuma i\u015flemi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmek zorunda de\u011fildir. TCP bir bayt ak\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r; uygulama mesaj uzunlu\u011fu, ayra\u00e7 veya ba\u015fka bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveleme y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131r. A\u011f par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan uygulama mesaj\u0131 sanmak eksik okuma veya birden fazla mesaj\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma hatas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n

Bir ba\u011flant\u0131da veri kayb\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesini beklemek gecikmeyi art\u0131rabilir. Bu etki uygulaman\u0131n ayn\u0131 ak\u0131\u015fta hangi i\u015fleri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z ortalama yan\u0131t s\u00fcresine de\u011fil, yo\u011funluk ve kay\u0131p d\u00f6nemlerindeki gecikme da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na da bak\u0131n.<\/p>\n

UDP neyi uygulamaya b\u0131rak\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

UDP datagram s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 korur; ancak kendi ba\u015f\u0131na teslim s\u0131ras\u0131, yeniden iletim veya ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulumu i\u00e7in TCP\u2019deki mekanizmalar\u0131 sunmaz. Datagram kaybolabilir, yinelenebilir veya farkl\u0131 s\u0131rada ula\u015fabilir. Uygulama bunlar\u0131n hangisini tolere edece\u011fine ve hangisini \u00fcst katmanda y\u00f6netece\u011fine karar vermelidir.<\/p>\n

Bu, UDP kullanan b\u00fct\u00fcn uygulamalar\u0131n g\u00fcvensiz veya g\u00fcvenilmez oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. QUIC gibi \u00fcst protokoller UDP \u00fczerinde kendi g\u00fcvenlik, ak\u0131\u015f ve kurtarma mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 kurabilir. \u00d6te yandan gerekli t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k ve tekrar davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tasarlamadan UDP kullanmak yaln\u0131z ba\u015fl\u0131k maliyetini azaltmakla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclecek bir konu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Hangi durumda hangisi se\u00e7ilir?<\/h2>\n

Dosya aktar\u0131m\u0131 veya s\u0131ral\u0131 uygulama ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in TCP\u2019nin sundu\u011fu model uygun olabilir. Ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 medya veya oyun trafi\u011finde ge\u00e7 gelen bir g\u00fcncelleme de\u011ferini yitirebilir; uygulama kay\u0131p tolerans\u0131 ve gecikme aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 kararlar verebilir. DNS ve QUIC gibi \u00f6rnekler, protokol se\u00e7iminin yaln\u0131z \u201ch\u0131zl\u0131 olan\u0131 kullan\u201d sorusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

TCP de UDP de tek ba\u015f\u0131na uygulama verisini \u015fifrelemez. Gizlilik, kimlik do\u011frulama ve b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u00e7in uygun \u00fcst protokol gerekir. TLS, DTLS veya QUIC gibi mekanizmalar\u0131n se\u00e7im ve kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131 uygulamaya g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilir. G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131nda ayn\u0131 port numaras\u0131n\u0131n TCP ve UDP i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 temsil etti\u011fini unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n

Test plan\u0131nda neleri \u00f6l\u00e7meli?<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Normal ve yo\u011fun kullan\u0131mda gecikme, hata ve tamamlanan i\u015flem say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kaydedin.<\/li>\n
  2. Paket kayb\u0131, ba\u011flant\u0131 kesintisi ve yeniden deneme davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kontroll\u00fc ortamda inceleyin.<\/li>\n
  3. Mesaj boyutunu, MTU etkisini ve iki y\u00f6nl\u00fc eri\u015fimi de\u011ferlendirin.<\/li>\n
  4. Tekrarlanan i\u015f iste\u011finin \u00e7ift kay\u0131t \u00fcretmemesi i\u00e7in uygulama seviyesinde koruma tasarlay\u0131n.<\/li>\n
  5. Protokol de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden \u00f6nce darbo\u011faz\u0131n uygulama, a\u011f veya d\u0131\u015f servis kaynakl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    S\u0131k sorulan sorular<\/h2>\n
    \n
    UDP her zaman TCP\u2019den h\u0131zl\u0131 m\u0131?<\/strong><\/dt>\n
    \n

    Hay\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 uygulama, a\u011f ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve \u00fcst protokol\u00fcn yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fe ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Daha az ta\u015f\u0131ma mekanizmas\u0131, her i\u015fte daha k\u0131sa tamamlanma s\u00fcresi anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

    TCP ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u015flemin ba\u015far\u0131yla bitti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir mi?<\/strong><\/dt>\n
    \n

    Hay\u0131r. Uygulama yan\u0131t\u0131 ve i\u015f sonucu ayr\u0131ca kontrol edilmelidir. Tekrar deneme s\u0131ras\u0131nda ayn\u0131 i\u015flemin iki kez uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyen bir tasar\u0131m gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

    Sonraki ad\u0131m<\/h2>\n

    G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 rehberi<\/a> ile port ve protokol kurallar\u0131n\u0131, VPN rehberi<\/a> ile trafik yolunu birlikte de\u011ferlendirin. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc uygulaman\u0131n ger\u00e7ek ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcne ba\u011flay\u0131n.<\/p>\n

    Kaynaklar<\/h2>\n
      \n
    1. RFC 9293 \u2014 Transmission Control Protocol<\/a><\/li>\n
    2. RFC 768 \u2014 User Datagram Protocol<\/a><\/li>\n
    3. RFC 9000 \u2014 QUIC: A UDP-Based Multiplexed and Secure Transport<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      TCP ve UDP, IP a\u011flar\u0131nda uygulamalar\u0131n veri ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan iki temel aktar\u0131m protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. TCP s\u0131ral\u0131 bir bayt ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve yeniden iletim gibi mekanizmalar sunar. UDP ise datagramlar\u0131 daha s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir ta\u015f\u0131ma hizmetiyle iletir. Do\u011fru se\u00e7im, uygulaman\u0131n kay\u0131p, gecikme, s\u0131ralama ve ba\u011flant\u0131 y\u00f6netimi gereksinimine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. TCP ak\u0131\u015f sa\u011flar; UDP datagram sa\u011flar. Uygulaman\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc ikisinin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1379,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,25,31],"tags":[146,156,155],"class_list":["post-912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-networking","category-buluta-genel-bakis","category-guvenlik","tag-networking","tag-tcp","tag-udp"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fibacloud.com\/tr\/kaynaklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/912","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fibacloud.com\/tr\/kaynaklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fibacloud.com\/tr\/kaynaklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fibacloud.com\/tr\/kaynaklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fibacloud.com\/tr\/kaynaklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=912"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.fibacloud.com\/tr\/kaynaklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/912\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":917,"href":"https:\/\/www.fibacloud.com\/tr\/kaynaklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/912\/revisions\/917"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fibacloud.com\/tr\/kaynaklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fibacloud.com\/tr\/kaynaklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=912"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fibacloud.com\/tr\/kaynaklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=912"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fibacloud.com\/tr\/kaynaklar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=912"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}